³⁶Of course, it is not necessary to look up ΔH_f^∘ for oxygen gas, as that is an element in its natural state at STP and therefore its standard heat of formation is defined to be zero. The heat of formation for carbon dioxide gas may be found from the preceding example, while the heat of formation for water may be found in the “Heats of Reaction and Activation Energy” subsection of this book. The only substance in this list of which the heat of formation is not defined as zero or given in this book is propane. Note that many thermochemical reference books will give heats of formation in units of kilocalories per mole rather than kilojoules per mole. The conversion factor between these is 1 calorie = 4.184 joules.